What phrase of the 14th Amendment has been used by the US Supreme Court to apply the Bill of Rights to State Courts?

The phrase "Due Process" from the 14th Amendment has been pivotal in the application of the Bill of Rights to State Courts through the doctrine of incorporation. This legal principle essentially ensures that protections granted in the Bill of Rights, which initially only applied to the federal government, are extended to the states using the Due Process Clause.

The Supreme Court has utilized this clause to interpret that certain fundamental rights, such as freedom of speech and the right to assemble, are essential to the notion of ordered liberty and thereby must be upheld by state governments as well. This has led to numerous landmark decisions that expanded civil liberties and reinforced the concept of federalism by protecting individuals against state abuses.

While the other phrases and rights listed are important components of the Bill of Rights or the 14th Amendment, they do not serve the same foundational role in extending federal protections to state actions as the Due Process Clause does. Understanding this context illustrates how the interpretation of "Due Process" has shaped the relationship between individual rights and state power.