What is the name of the 1983 US Supreme Court case that established "totality of the circumstances" as a test in analyzing information from a confidential informant?

The case that established "totality of the circumstances" as a test for evaluating information provided by confidential informants is Illinois v. Gates. This landmark decision allowed law enforcement to assess the reliability and credibility of an informant based on the context and aggregate of information available rather than relying on a rigid set of criteria. The Supreme Court emphasized that the totality of circumstances approach gives a more comprehensive understanding of the informant's reliability and the surrounding facts, thus allowing for a more flexible and practical application in law enforcement practices.

By looking at all relevant circumstances, such as prior reliability of the informant, detailed information provided, and corroborating evidence, officers can make a more informed decision about whether probable cause exists to execute a search warrant or make an arrest.